Is delegation permissible for purely physical acts of worship such as formal prayer (Salat), fasting (Siyam), and purification from ritual impurity (Taharah)?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Agency
Primary text
Delegation is not permissible for purely physical acts of worship such as Salat, Siyam, and purification from ritual impurity because these acts are intrinsically tied to the body of the worshipper, and another person cannot stand in their place. The exception for fasting vowed on behalf of the deceased is not considered delegation, as the deceased did not appoint an agent, nor was an agent appointed by another party for that specific fast.
Supporting text
Delegation is not permitted for Salat, except for the two cycles (rak'ahs) of Tawaf (circumambulation) that accompany Hajj. There are two narrations regarding performing vowed Salat or الاعتكاف (I'tikaf) on behalf of the deceased. Delegation is not permitted for ritual purification, except for the act of pouring water, delivering water to the limbs, and cleaning physical filth (Najasa) from the body, clothing, or other things.