Is the execution of rights delegated via power of attorney permissible in the principal's absence?

Primary text

It is permissible to execute what one is authorized to do via power of attorney, both in the presence and absence of the principal (Al-Muwakkil). This is the position stated by Ahmad and is the established doctrine of Malik. The basis for this permission is that any action permissible for the agent to execute in the principal's presence is also permissible in the principal's absence, similar to punishments (Hudud) and other rights. The probability of the principal pardoning in their absence is considered remote and does not negate the execution. If the principal were to pardon, they would typically inform their agent. Furthermore, the actions of the Prophet's judges who implemented rulings and penalties (Hudud) in the provinces while being absent from the seat of authority are cited as precedent, even when potential revocation (of the judgment) existed. Precaution regarding executing Hudud by ensuring witnesses are present is not required, despite the possibility of them retracting their testimony or the judge's ruling changing.