What is the ruling when the agent and the principal dispute the circumstances of payment (e.g., location, permission for payment without proof, or the fate of the witnesses)?

Primary text

The statement of the principal is accepted as true if the principal asserts the payment occurred in their presence while the agent claims it occurred in their absence, or if the principal denies granting permission for payment without proof, or denies the death/absence of the witnesses claimed by the agent. This is because the principal is considered to possess the original position (al-asl ma'ahu).