Should the *diyah* payment from the public treasury be made in a single lump sum or over three years?

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It shall be paid in a single lump sum, as this is the sounder opinion. This is based on the precedent that the Prophet (peace be upon him) and Umar paid the *diyah* of the Ansari victim immediately. Moreover, *diyah* is a substitute for something destroyed, and as a liability not borne by the *aqilah* (who are granted postponement for mitigation), it must be paid immediately like other compensation for destroyed property, with no need for deferral granted to the public treasury.