What is the liability for striking a person causing involuntary emission (like wind or excrement)?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Blood-Money (Diyyāt)
Primary text
The ruling is that a third of the blood money (diyah) is due when striking a person causes an emission, whether it is wind (rih), feces (gha'it), or urine (bawl). This ruling is based on the judgment of Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), which holds a position similar to consensus because it was widely known and no contradiction was reported. Furthermore, a Companion's ruling that contradicts the general analogical reasoning (Qiyas) indicates that it is a divinely established ruling (Tawqif). The ruling is the same if the striking merely frightens the person causing the emission.
Supporting text
Abu Hanifa, Malik, and Al-Shafi'i hold that nothing is due because blood money is obligatory only for the destruction of a functional benefit, a body part, or the removal of physical beauty, none of which occurred here. This view aligns with strict analogical reasoning (Qiyas). Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Ishaq also stated they knew of no basis for imposing a penalty in this case.