What is the ruling on liability for a miscarriage caused by a woman being summoned by an authority figure?

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The Sultan or authority figure sending for a woman who subsequently miscarries a dead fetus is liable for the *gharra* (a fine or compensation). This ruling is established by the precedent of 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, who summoned a woman, causing her fright, leading to her labor and the subsequent death of the child after two cries. 'Ali ibn Abi Talib advised that the *diya* (blood money) was incumbent upon 'Umar because his act of frightening her caused the miscarriage. 'Umar agreed with this assessment, and the ruling is that liability exists because a life (the fetus) was lost due to the summons, similar to direct injury.