What is the ruling regarding liability if a wall built on one's property collapses without leaning or external force?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Blood-Money (Diyyāt)
Primary text
If a wall built straight on one's property, or leaning only toward one's own property, collapses without being intentionally pulled down (*istihdam*) or leaning, the owner bears no liability for the resulting damage. This is because the owner committed no trespass by building it, nor was there negligence in allowing it to remain.