What is the linguistic and legal definition of a claim (Da'wa)?

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Linguistically, a claim is when a person attributes something to themselves, whether ownership, entitlement, a transaction, or similar. Legally, it is attributing to oneself an entitlement to something in another person's possession or debt. The defendant (Al-Mudda'a 'Alayh) is the one to whom the entitlement is attributed as being against him. One opinion defines the claim as a request, citing the verse: {And they will have what they call for} (Quran 30:57). Another view defines the claimant (Al-Mudda'i) as one who seeks by his speech to take something from another's hand or establish a right in his debt, and the defendant is the one who denies this. Furthermore, a claimant is one who does not remain silent if left alone regarding the matter, while the defendant is one who remains silent if left alone.