What is the difference between the category of the Poor (Fuqara') and the Needy (Masakin) for Zakat?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Deposits
Primary text
The Poor and the Needy are two distinct categories for Zakat, although both terms might apply to a person in other contexts. When mentioned together, a distinction is established. Both terms signify need and indigence, but the Poor are considered more in need because Allah mentioned them first, implying preference for the more urgent matter. This is the position of Al-Shafi'i and Al-Asma'i. The Poor are defined as those unable to earn enough for sustenance, who possess no perpetual income, property, or wealth equivalent to fifty dirhams in gold.
Supporting text
Abu Hanifa, Al-Fara', Tha'lab, and Ibn Qutaybah held that the Needy are more severe in need, citing {or a needy one covered with dust} (Quran 90:16) as evidence that extreme need defines the Masakin. However, the preference for the Poor is supported by Allah beginning with them, the Prophet's (PBUH) supplication asking to live and die among the poor while seeking refuge from poverty, and the linguistic derivation of 'Faqir' implying brokenness.