What is the ruling on the distribution method of the fay' among the eligible recipients (i.e., equality versus preference)?

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The rightly guided Caliphs differed on the division of the fay'. Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq and the famous position attributed to Ali favored equality in distribution, while Umar and Uthman favored preference (tafdil). Ahmad allowed both approaches, stating that it is up to the Imam's judgment and exertion of effort. The soundest view is that the matter is delegated to the Imam's judgment to implement either equality or preference, mirroring how the Prophet (peace be upon him) distributed the Anfal, preferring some groups over others based on their contribution.