What is the ruling on the share designated for the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) and the share for the near relatives (*Dhawi al-Qurba*) after the Prophet's passing?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Deposits
Primary text
The share of Allah and the Messenger are considered one share, according to 'Ata' and Ash-Sha'bi. The correct position is that these shares remain and must be expended for the general welfare (*masalih*) of the Muslims. This is supported by the Prophet's saying: "What is lawful for me from what Allah makes us triumph over is not like this, except the Khums," indicating its enduring nature. Imam Abu Bakr affirmed this principle, stating, "I will not abandon an affair I saw the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) doing concerning it and fail to do it." Therefore, the Imam manages this portion for the benefit of the Muslims as the Prophet (PBUH) formerly managed it.
Supporting text
A view held by some is that the share of the Prophet (PBUH) is nullified upon his death and returned to the remaining shares of the Khums recipients because they were his partners. Others argue it should revert to the fighters (*ghānimīn*) because they earned the spoils through combat. Another opinion suggests the share transfers to the Caliph who succeeds the Prophet (PBUH). However, it is narrated that Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthman redirected the share of *Dhawi al-Qurba* to be used in the cause of Allah (*fi sabilillah*), an action which Ibn 'Abbas argued contradicted the Book of Allah and the Sunnah, favoring the opinion aligning with the explicit distribution mentioned in the Quran.