What is the ruling on various expressions of severity in divorce without stated intent, such as 'the strongest divorce' (أشد الطلاق), 'the harshest divorce' (أغلظه), 'the longest divorce' (أطول الطلاق), 'the widest divorce' (أعرضه), 'the shortest divorce' (أقصره), or 'like the mountain' (مثل الجبل)?
Chapter on Divorce by Calculation
Al-Mughni
Book of Divorce
Primary text
If there is no specific intent, one revocable divorce (طلقة رجعية) occurs. This is the position of Imam Shafi'i. The rationale is that the husband cannot directly enact definitive finality (Baynunah) as it is a legal consequence (hukm) established only through specific causes like triple divorce, Khul', or divorce before consummation. Any ambiguous expression defaults to the basic revocable divorce.
Supporting text
Abu Hanifa holds that in all these cases, a definitive, non-revocable divorce (بائن) occurs. His companions differentiate: 'Like the mountain' (مثل الجبل) results in a revocable divorce, whereas 'like the bone of the mountain' (مثل عظم الجبل) results in a definitive divorce.