Is there a minimum limit for the dower (sadaq)?

General Chapter

Al-Mughni

Book of Dowry (Mahr)

Book 36 · Issue 2 · Bab 1

Open in Qurani

Primary text

The dower is not quantified regarding a minimum amount; rather, anything that constitutes wealth may serve as a dower. This view is held by Al-Hasan, 'Ata', 'Amr ibn Dinar, Ibn Abi Layla, Al-Thawri, Al-Awza'i, Al-Layth, Al-Shafi'i, Ishaq, Abu Thawr, and Dawud. Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab married his daughter for the price of two dirhams, stating that even if he had married her for a lash, it would have been valid. The evidence for this position includes the Prophet's statement to a man who possessed nothing, commanding him to seek something, even an iron ring, for the dower. Additionally, the Prophet approved a marriage where the dower was two sandals, and stated that if a man gave a woman a hand-fill of food as a dower, she would be lawful to him. This is further supported by the verse: {And lawful to you is all that is beyond those [prohibited classes], that you seek [them] with your wealth} (Quran 4:24), which includes the little and the much.

Supporting text

A dissenting opinion, held by Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Al-Nakha'i, Ibn Shabarimah, Malik, and Abu Hanifa, asserts that there is a determined minimum. Malik and Abu Hanifa hold the minimum amount is that which warrants the cutting off of a thief's hand. Ibn Shabarimah stated the minimum is five dirhams. Al-Nakha'i offered variants of fourty or twenty dirhams, or a ratl of gold. Sa'id ibn Jubayr stated fifty dirhams. Abu Hanifa relies on the report that the Prophet said, "There is no dower less than ten dirhams."