Are the disparaging hadiths concerning the child of fornication applicable to worldly judgments regarding expiation?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Expiations
Primary text
The worldly rulings regarding the child of fornication are the same as for others: his testimony is accepted, his sale is valid, his manumission is valid, and his appointment as Imam is sound. Therefore, freeing him suffices for expiation because the hadiths concerning his defamation are interpreted by some scholars, like Al-Tahawi, to refer to one who habitually commits fornication, or as stating he is the worst in origin and lineage because he is created from impure semen. Others refute this interpretation, affirming that he bears no sin of his parents based on the verse: 'And no bearer of burdens shall bear the burden of another' [Quran 6:164]. Since these hadiths relate to the Hereafter, they do not affect worldly rulings, including the validity of his manumission for expiation.
Supporting text
The view that the disparaging hadiths pertain to lineage, viewing the child of fornication as inherently inferior in essence and lineage because he is created from impure semen, is rejected by some who maintain that the child bears no sin of the parents.