What is the ruling concerning Zakat al-Fitr regarding outstanding debts?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Expiations
Primary text
Zakat al-Fitr must be paid even if the person owes a debt, as it is prioritized over the debt, similar to how a demanded debt is prioritized over monetary atonement.
Supporting text
Zakat al-Fitr is treated analogously to sustenance (Nafaqah) and does not have a monetary substitute (Badal). This is why a person can discharge it on behalf of others, such as a husband for his wife, dependents, or slaves, and it lacks a substitute, unlike atonement.