Does cupping (Hijama) invalidate the fast for both the cupper and the one being cupped?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Fasting
Primary text
Cupping invalidates the fast for both the cupper and the one being cupped. This position is held by Ishaq, Ibn al-Mundhir, Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah, 'Ata', and 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi. The primary evidence supporting this view is the saying of the Prophet, peace be upon him: "The cupper and the one cupped have broken their fast." This hadith is reported by eleven companions, and Ahmad considered the narration of Shaddad ibn Aws the soundest in this chapter, with a good chain of transmission also noted for the narration of Rafi'. Furthermore, it is argued that this initial ruling was later abrogated because Ibn 'Abbas narrated that the Prophet, peace be upon him, performed cupping while in a state of Ihram and fasting, experienced severe weakness, and consequently forbade a fasting person from being cupped. This indicates knowledge of abrogation on the part of Ibn 'Abbas.
Supporting text
An alternative position holds that cupping is permissible for a fasting person and does not invalidate the fast. This view is supported by Malik, al-Thawri, Abu Hanifah, and al-Shafi'i, based on the report from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet, peace be upon him, "performed cupping while fasting." They also argue by analogy, stating that it is like bloodletting (fasd), as both involve blood exiting the body. Furthermore, many Companions, including Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, Abu Musa, and Anas ibn Malik, practiced cupping at night during their fasts. 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, Ibn Mas'ud, Umm Salamah, Husayn ibn 'Ali, 'Urwah, and Sa'id ibn Jubayr also permitted it.