Is expiation (Kaffarah) obligatory for breaking a fast outside of Ramadan?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Fasting
Primary text
Expiation is not obligatory for breaking a fast that is not in Ramadan, according to the majority of scholars and jurists. The ruling is based on the principle that since the sexual act occurred outside the sanctified time of Ramadan, it does not incur the same penalty, similar to a sexual act during a fast of expiation, where no additional expiation is due.
Supporting text
Qatadah stated that expiation is obligatory for one who engages in sexual intercourse while making up a missed Ramadan fast. His evidence is based on analogy, arguing that since expiation is required for performing the obligatory act of Hajj, it should also be required for performing its makeup (Qada), as the makeup act shares the nature of an obligatory worship.