What is the ruling on fasting the Day of Arafah while being present at Arafat?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Fasting
Primary text
The majority of scholars recommend breaking the fast on the Day of Arafah for those present at Arafat. This is based on the action of the Prophet, peace be upon him, who broke his fast while standing on his camel at Arafat, as narrated by Umm al-Fadl bint al-Harith, confirmed by a consensus between the parties debating his status. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthman did not fast it during Hajj, and he himself did not fast it nor command nor forbid it. The reason for recommending breaking the fast is that fasting weakens a person and prevents supplication on this great day when prayers are answered, at this noble station sought from every distant place, where seeking Allah's bounty and response to supplication is the main purpose; thus, leaving the fast is superior.
Supporting text
A'ishah and Ibn al-Zubayr used to fast it. Qatadah held that there is no harm if fasting does not weaken one from supplication. 'Ata' stated he fasts it in winter but not in summer because the dislike is based on the potential for weakness in making Du'a, which is negated if one is strong or if it is winter.