Is there any expiation (Kaffarah) required for a woman forced into intercourse (Ikrah)?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Fasting
Primary text
There is no expiation required for a woman forced into intercourse; this is the single established narration. She is only required to make up the missed fast (Qada). Imam Ahmad stated this opinion. This ruling is also the position of Al-Hasan, Al-Thawri, Al-Awza'i, and the Ashab Al-Ra'y (Hanafi scholars). The ruling is established by analogy (Qiyas) to the case where a man has intercourse with a sleeping woman.
Supporting text
Imam Malik mandates both making up the fast (Qada) and paying expiation (Kaffarah) for a woman forced into intercourse, though he rules Qada without Kaffarah if she was sleeping. Al-Shafi'i, Abu Thawr, and Ibn al-Mundhir rule that if the compulsion involved a threat (wa'eed) leading to the act, the fast is invalidated (and Qada/Kaffarah might follow depending on the context of fasting mentioned later), but if it was pure compulsion/necessity (ilja'), the fast is not broken. Furthermore, a narration from Ibn al-Qasim concerning Imam Ahmad suggests that if a fasting person is completely overpowered (as in being forced or sleeping), there is no Qada or Kaffarah because no deliberate action occurred from her, paralleling water poured into the throat without choice.