Must the Imam seek reconciliation before initiating combat against the Būghāt?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Fighting Rebellious Groups
Primary text
It is obligatory to inquire of the Būghāt and clarify the truth to them, removing any basis for their revolt, unless there is fear that their aggression will escalate rapidly ('khalb). If their reasons are clarified and they persist, then they must be fought, because Allah initiated the command for reconciliation before fighting (Quran 9:9). Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) corresponded with the people of Basra before the Battle of the Camel and instructed his companions not to initiate fighting. If seeking a delay (inzir) is requested, it is granted if their intent is found to be returning to obedience; otherwise, if their goal is to gather strength, deceive the Imam, or wait for reinforcements, no delay is granted, and they must be faced immediately. This consensus on establishing truth before fighting is held by scholars whose views are known, including Ibn al-Mundhir.
Supporting text
If a delay is sought, and it is discovered their intent is to gather support or deceive the Imam, no delay is granted, even if they offer money or hostages, as taking money for approving a prohibited matter or taking hostages who cannot be executed for the treachery of their people is impermissible. However, if the Būghāt hold Muslim prisoners, the Imam may accept hostages, but if the Būghāt kill their prisoners, the hostages must not be executed in retaliation. If the Imam fears weakness against the Būghāt, he may postpone the fight until he gains sufficient strength to prevent annihilation.