Is it permissible for a non-Muslim to adopt a Muslim child?

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It is not permissible for a non-Muslim (Kafir) to adopt a Muslim child. This ruling is based on the principle that a non-Muslim has no guardianship (wilayah) over a Muslim. There is concern that the non-Muslim will attempt to deviate the child towards disbelief (Kufr) and raise the child according to their own religion, similar to how one raises their own offspring. If a non-Muslim does adopt such a child, the adoption is not legally confirmed to remain in their custody.