What is the ruling on an abandoned infant found in a land that was never Muslim, such as the lands of India or Rome?

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If no Muslims are present in a land that was never under Muslim control, the found infant is ruled a disbeliever because the land and its inhabitants belong to the non-believers. If Muslims, such as merchants, are present, it is possible to rule the infant a Muslim by favoring Islam, or rule the infant a disbeliever by favoring the dominant land and its majority. This entire detailed breakdown is the madhhab of Al-Shafi'i.