What is the intention required for one who joins the Imam during Jumu'ah prayer and misses part of it?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Friday Prayer
Primary text
For one who overtakes the Imam during the Jumu'ah prayer and does not complete what is required for the Jumu'ah prayer to be valid for them, the ruling according to Kharaqi is that they must intend Dhuhr prayer. If they intend Jumu'ah, it is not valid based on the apparent meaning of his statement, as the basis for continuing the prayer requires the initial entry to be with the intention of Dhuhr. This is supported by the implication that if entry is with the intention of Jumu'ah, one cannot build upon it as Dhuhr. Furthermore, the statement attributed to Ahmad, via the narration of Salih and Ibn Mansur, suggests this, as he stated regarding one who starts with the Imam but misses bowing and prostration until the Imam concludes the prayer: 'He starts over with four rak'ahs of Dhuhr.' This suggests commencing the prayer anew because Dhuhr cannot be initiated with the intention of Jumu'ah, nor can it be continued by extension, similar to the relationship between Dhuhr and Asr.
Supporting text
Abu Ishaq ibn Shaqila holds that the follower must intend Jumu'ah so as not to contradict the Imam's intention, and then complete four rak'ahs of Dhuhr afterward. This view aligns with the positions of Qatadah, Ayyub, Yunus, and Al-Shafi'i, who ruled that one who joins the Imam for Jumu'ah but misses prostration until the Imam concludes should complete it as four rak'ahs, thereby validating the completion as Dhuhr despite the initial Jumu'ah intention.