What is the ruling on performing Ghusl (ritual bath) for Eid?
Chapter on the Two Eid Prayers
Al-Mughni
Book of Friday Prayer
Primary text
It is recommended to perform Ghusl for Eid. Ibn Umar narrated that he used to perform Ghusl on the day of Eid al-Fitr, and this is narrated from Ali, may God be pleased with him, and adopted by Alqamah, Urwah, Ata, Al-Nakha'i, Al-Sha'bi, Qatadah, Abu Al-Zinad, Malik, Al-Shafi'i, and Ibn Al-Mundhir. The evidence is the narration from Ibn Abbas and Al-Faki Ibn Sa'd that the Messenger of God, peace be upon him, used to perform Ghusl on the days of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. Another narration states that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said regarding a Friday: "This is a day God made an Eid for Muslims, so perform Ghusl, and if anyone has perfume, it does no harm if he touches some of it, and you must use the Siwak." This indicates that Friday is also considered an Eid for this purpose. The rationale is that Ghusl is recommended for a day when people gather for prayer, similar to Jumu'ah.
Supporting text
If one limits themselves to Wudu (ablution), it is sufficient. This is because if Ghusl is not obligatory for Jumu'ah despite the command in that context, then it is even less so for Eid.