What is the ruling if the time for the 'Asr prayer enters before the worshipper completes one Rak'ah of Jumu'ah?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Friday Prayer
Primary text
The apparent position of Al-Khiraqi is that Jumu'ah is not established unless one Rak'ah is attained within the time specified for Jumu'ah; if the time for 'Asr enters before one Rak'ah is completed, it is not a valid Jumu'ah. The evidence supporting the validity of completing Jumu'ah upon attaining one Rak'ah is the statement of the Prophet, peace be upon him: 'Whoever catches one Rak'ah of the Jumu'ah prayer has caught the prayer.' Furthermore, because one Rak'ah of Jumu'ah was attained, the prayer is established, analogous to one who misses the first Rak'ah. The time requirement specific to Jumu'ah is deemed sufficient even for one Rak'ah, similar to the requirement of congregation, which is satisfied even if attained in one Rak'ah.
Supporting text
Al-Qadi states that if the time for 'Asr enters after initiating the prayer, it is completed as Jumu'ah because the intention was established within the correct time, similar to completing the prayer within that time. A narration attributed to Ahmad states that if the time for 'Asr enters after the Tashahhud but before the concluding salutation, the worshipper should conclude the prayer and it suffices as Jumu'ah. This is also the opinion of Abu Yusuf and Muhammad. In opposition, Abu Hanifa holds that if the time for Jumu'ah expires before completion, the prayer is void and cannot be converted to Dhuhr, as they are two distinct prayers that cannot be built upon one another, like Dhuhr and 'Asr. Al-Shafi'i states that it is not completed as Jumu'ah, but converted to Dhuhr because both occur in the same general time slot, permitting the completion of one upon the other, similar to combining prayers for travel.