Is it permissible to wash the deceased while they are still wearing a garment?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Funerals
Primary text
It is a preferred position, related from Ahmad via Al-Marwadhi, that the deceased be washed while wearing a garment, allowing the washer to insert their hand beneath it. Al-Qadi states the Sunnah is to wash the deceased in a thin shirt through which water can penetrate to the body, with the hand inserted into the sleeve. This is the madhab of Al-Shafi'i, based on the precedent of the Prophet (peace be upon him) being washed in his shirt, and the statement of Sa'd, 'Do with me as was done with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).' The evidence supporting complete stripping (except for the covered area) is that stripping allows for a more thorough washing and purification, analogous to a living person bathing. Furthermore, washing in a garment risks soiling the garment with what emerges, which might not be purified by pouring water over it, thus potentially contaminating the deceased.
Supporting text
The exception for the Prophet (peace be upon him) being washed in his shirt is considered specific to him, as indicated by the instruction to strip the deceased as they strip their own dead. The thorough stripping of the deceased, excluding the private parts, was apparently well-known and likely commanded by the Prophet (peace be upon him). The risk of soil contamination of the garment was mitigated for the Prophet (peace be upon him) because he was pure in life and death, unlike others.