What substitutes can be used if Sidr is unavailable, and what is the ruling on using hot water or other cleansing agents?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Funerals
Primary text
If Sidr is unavailable, it must be washed with a substitute of similar effect, such as mallow (alkhatmi), because the intended purpose, which is cleansing, is achieved. If a substitute is used when Sidr is available, the washing is still valid, as the command for Sidr is based on the reasonable purpose of cleaning, which extends to anything possessing that quality. All procedures—turning, rubbing limbs, abdominal pressure, and joint manipulation—are done with respect to the deceased's dignity, as breaking a bone of the dead is likened to breaking that of the living.
Supporting text
Hot water, 'Ashanan (soapwort), and Al-Khilal (toothpicks) are used only when necessary. Hot water is used for severe cold or intractable filth. Ashanan is used if the deceased had prolonged illness leading to significant uncleanness. Al-Khilal, preferably made from a pliable tree like willow, is used to remove material from between the teeth, and cotton may be wrapped around the head. If these aids are not needed, their use is not recommended. While Abu Hanifa preferred hot water as it cleanses better, the stance is that cold water is sufficient, and hot water is only required if the impurity cannot be removed otherwise.