What birds fall under the ruling requiring a sheep (Shāh) as expiation due to their manner of drinking water?

Chapter on Ransom (Fidyah) and Penalty for Hunting

Al-Mughni

Book of Hajj

Book 11 · Issue 4 · Bab 6

Open in Qurani

Primary text

Any bird that drinks water by plunging its beak in and gulping (kura'a), similar to how a sheep drinks, and does not sip drop by drop like sparrows, is subject to the *Shāh* expiation. This includes doves (*Fawākith*), *Warāshīn*, *Saqqāyīn*, turtledoves (*Qumrī*), *Dabsi*, and rock pigeons (*Qatā*), as Arabs name all these birds as *Hammam* (pigeons). It is narrated from Al-Kisa'i that every bird with a collar (*mutawwaq*) is considered a pigeon, which would include the partridge (*Hajl*).