Does the expiation obligation for shaving the head while in Ihram differ between an intentional shaver, one who erred, or one who had a valid excuse?
Chapter on Ransom (Fidyah) and Penalty for Hunting
Al-Mughni
Book of Hajj
Primary text
According to the apparent position of the Madhhab and the view of Al-Shafi'i and similar opinions from Al-Thawri, there is no distinction; the expiation is due upon the intentional shaver, the mistaken shaver, and the one with or without an excuse. The reasoning is that shaving constitutes a destruction (Itlaf), thus making the intent or lack thereof irrelevant, similar to hunting game. Moreover, the obligation of Fidyah was established for one who shaved due to a valid excuse (injury/illness), which serves as a textual indication for its obligation upon others who have excuses, such as someone who shaves for cupping or treating a head wound, and those who cannot control the action, like a sleeper whose hair is pulled out or burned.
Supporting text
A dissenting view, held by Ishaq and Ibn al-Mundhir, states that there is no expiation due upon one who forgets (Nasin), based on the general leniency granted to the Ummah for error and forgetfulness by the Prophet (peace be upon him).