How is the fasting compensation calculated for a slave who cannot afford the sacrifice (hady)?
Chapter on Ransom (Fidyah) and Penalty for Hunting
Al-Mughni
Book of Hajj
Primary text
The slave must fast one day for every mudd (a measure) representing the value of a sheep. If the remaining value is less than one mudd, he must still fast a full day because fasting is not divisible, requiring completion, similar to someone who vows to fast the day someone arrives and that person arrives partway through the day, necessitating a full day of fasting. The preferable number of fasting days is ten, like the fast for Tamattu' Hajj, based on the narration of Umar to Habbār ibn al-Asad, commanding three days during Hajj and seven upon returning if he could not afford the sacrifice.
Supporting text
The required fasting period is ten days, as Ahmad relied upon the Hadith of Umar because the fast is necessitated by exiting the Ihram before completion, making it analogous to the fast of Muharram. The financially distressed person ('mu'sir) is treated like the slave in this regard. The determination of indigence is considered at the time the obligation arises (either in the year of making up the missed obligation or the year of forfeiture, depending on whether making up the fast is obligatory).