Is it permissible for an individual to combine (Jam') the Dhuhr and Asr prayers at Arafah without the presence of the Imam?
Chapter on the Description of Hajj
Al-Mughni
Book of Hajj
Primary text
It is permissible for an individual who misses the combined prayer with the Imam at Arafah to combine the Dhuhr and Asr prayers alone. This is supported by the practice of Ibn Umar, and the opinions of Ata, Malik, Al-Shafi'i, Ishaq, Abu Thawr, and the two companions of Abu Hanifah. The justification is that any combination (Jam') permissible with the Imam is also permissible individually, similar to combining Maghrib and Isha in Muzdalifah.
Supporting text
Al-Nakh'i, Al-Thawri, and Abu Hanifah hold that combination is only permissible when praying with the Imam, based on the premise that each prayer has a fixed time, and the concession for combining was only made in the context of congregational prayer.