What must one do if their Hajj is missed due to failing to reach Wuquf at Arafat before dawn?
Chapter on Ransom (Fidyah) and Penalty for Hunting
Al-Mughni
Book of Hajj
Primary text
One whose Hajj is missed must dissolve the state of Ihram by performing Tawaf (circumambulation), Sa'i (running between Safa and Marwah), and Halq (shaving the head) or Taqsir (shortening the hair). This is the soundest position in the madhhab, supported by Umar ibn al-Khattab, his son, Zayd ibn Thabit, Ibn Abbas, Ibn az-Zubayr, and Marwan ibn al-Hakam, and it is the view of Malik, ath-Thawri, ash-Shafi'i, and the People of Opinion (Ahl al-Ra'y). The evidence includes the practice of these Companions and the Prophet's instruction to one whose Hajj was missed to perform Umrah, sacrifice the permitted Hady, and perform Hajj the following year.
Supporting text
An alternative view suggests that the individual proceeds with a corrupt (fasid) Hajj, where all obligations of Hajj remain binding because the omission of a time-bound requirement does not negate the obligation of requirements whose time has not passed. Another view is that the state of Ihram for Hajj transforms into Ihram for Umrah, fulfilling the obligation of the initial Umrah if it was not previously performed, although Hajj cannot be completed with that Ihram unless performed in its proper months.