Is a pilgrim in Ihram permitted to cover his head?
Chapter on What the Muhrim Must Avoid and What is Permissible for Him
Al-Mughni
Book of Hajj
Primary text
A pilgrim in Ihram is prohibited from covering his head. The evidence stems from the Prophet's (peace be upon him) prohibition against wearing turbans and cloaks, and his instruction regarding the pilgrim whose mount threw him: "Do not cover his head, for he will be sent forth on the Day of Resurrection reciting the Talbiyah." This prohibition includes covering any part of the head, such as binding it with a strip of cloth, tying it with a rope, placing medicine or nothing on it, dyeing it with henna, smearing it with clay or lime, or applying medicine; all these actions constitute covering and are forbidden.
Supporting text
The ears are considered part of the head, making their covering prohibited. This prohibition applies whether the covering is due to necessity or not, but necessity does not waive the expiation, as indicated by Quran 2:196 and the case of Ka'b ibn 'Ujrah. Al-Shafi'i holds this view, although 'Ata' permitted tying the head due to dire necessity. The correct view is that expiation is not waived for the excuse, similar to wearing a cap due to cold.