What is the ruling on one who is unable to proceed and thus performs Tahlul (exiting Ihram)?
Chapter on What the Muhrim Must Avoid and What is Permissible for Him
Al-Mughni
Book of Hajj
Primary text
If one cannot proceed further and performs Tahlul (exiting Ihram), no makeup is obligatory upon them, provided the act was one that was not previously obligatory. This view is held by Malik and Al-Shafi'i. The justification is that this was a voluntary act (tatawwu') from which exiting was permissible even when the time for completion remained, thus no makeup is required, similar to one who begins a fast believing it obligatory when it was not. The incident of the companions being prevented at Hudaybiyyah involved 1400 individuals, while those who performed Umrah with the Prophet (peace be upon him) were a small number, and there is no report that the Prophet commanded anyone to make up the act.
Supporting text
There is an opinion from Ahmad, supported by Mujahid, 'Ikrimah, and Al-Sha'bi, and held by Abu Hanifa, that a makeup is obligatory. The evidence cited is that the Prophet (peace be upon him), upon exiting Ihram during the time of Hudaybiyyah, performed the makeup the following year, which was named 'Umrat al-Qada' (The Makeup Umrah). Furthermore, exiting the state of Ihram before completion necessitates a makeup, similar to missing Hajj.