What is the ruling on a person who changes their intention from Hajj to Umrah regarding the requirement of offering a sacrificial animal (Dam)?
Chapter on Mentioning Hajj and Entering Makkah
Al-Mughni
Book of Hajj
Primary text
If a person cancels their Hajj intention and substitutes it with Umrah, they assume the legal status of a Mutamatti' (one performing Umrah followed by Hajj in separate Ihram states), making the sacrificial animal obligatory, along with other related obligations. This ruling is supported by the general text of the Quran and clear, established Sunnah. Allah Almighty stated: {So whoever performs Umrah followed by Hajj, then whatever sacrifice is easily available} (Quran 2:196). Furthermore, the Hadith of Ibn Umar states that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever among you has not brought a sacrificial animal, let him perform Tawaf of the House, and Sa'i between Safa and Marwah, cut his hair, exit the state of Ihram, then assume Ihram for Hajj and bring a sacrifice. And whoever cannot find a sacrifice, let him fast for three days during Hajj and seven when he returns to his family" (Agreed upon). Additionally, the reason for requiring the sacrifice in Mut'ah is the ease gained by omitting one of the two journeys, a benefit that is not contingent upon the initial intention regarding Mut'ah.
Supporting text
The Judge holds that the sacrificial animal is not obligatory because a condition for its obligation is that the person intends to be a Mutamatti' either at the commencement of the Umrah or during it. This assertion is deemed unsupported by evidence and contradicts the generality of the Book and the explicit, established Sunnah. However, it is noted that even if the intention were a condition, it is present, as the person did not exit the state of Ihram until intending to exit, then assume Ihram for Hajj.