What is the ruling for a person prevented (*muhsar*) from completing Hajj or Umrah if they are capable of offering the sacrificial animal (*hady*)?
Chapter on What the Muhrim Must Avoid and What is Permissible for Him
Al-Mughni
Book of Hajj
Primary text
A person prevented from completing the ritual must not exit the state of Ihram until the sacrifice is made. If the prevented person possesses a sacrificial animal they brought with them, it suffices. If they do not possess one, they are obligated to purchase one if possible. The minimum acceptable offering is a sheep or one-seventh share of a she-camel, based on the Divine command, "...so [offer] what can be obtained of sacrifices" (Quran 2:196). The Muhsar may slaughter the animal at the place of their prevention, whether within the Sacred Precincts (Haram) or outside them. This view is explicitly stated by Ahmad, and it is the position of Malik and Shafi'i. Evidence supports this: the Prophet, peace be upon him, and his Companions slaughtered their offerings at Hudaybiyyah, which is outside the Haram. They then shaved their heads and exited Ihram before performing Tawaf or before the offering reached the Ka'bah. Furthermore, Allah states, "And the offering detained from reaching its place" (Quran 48:25). Since the place of exiting Ihram is a valid place for the slaughter, it is treated like the Haram for this specific purpose.
Supporting text
A dissenting view attributed to Ahmad states that the Muhsar cannot slaughter the animal except within the Haram, requiring them to send it and arrange for someone to slaughter it at the time when they would normally exit Ihram. This opinion is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud, al-Hasan, al-Sha'bi, al-Nakha'i, and 'Ata. This view is considered applicable only for specific or private hindrance; in cases of general hindrance, this ruling should not be pronounced as it leads to the impossibility of exiting Ihram due to the inability to convey the sacrifice to its location.