Are certain flying creatures, specifically the bat (khuffash/watwat), swallow (khataf), and nightjar (khushaf), permissible to eat?

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The bat (khuffash/watwat), the swallow (khataf), and the nightjar (khushaf) are forbidden to eat. This prohibition is established because these creatures are considered repulsive and are not favored by the Arabs for consumption. Imam Ahmad expressed uncertainty regarding the ruling on the nightjar and the swallow. Al-Nakh'i ruled that all birds are permissible except for the bat. Support for the prohibition rests on the principle of inherent repulsiveness (istikhbath) that leads to their avoidance by the Arabs.