Is the consumption of horse meat permissible?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Hunting and Slaughter
Primary text
The consumption of all horse meat, whether Arabian or crossbreed (baradhin), is permissible. This opinion is affirmed by Ahmad, Ibn Sirin, Ibn al-Zubayr, Al-Hasan, 'Ata', and Al-Aswad ibn Yazid. It is also the view of Hammad ibn Zayd, Al-Layth, Ibn al-Mubarak, Al-Shafi'i, and Abu Thawr. The evidence for permissibility is the narration from Jabir stating that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, prohibited the meat of domestic donkeys on the Day of Khaybar but permitted the meat of horses. Furthermore, Asma' narrated that they slaughtered a horse during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and ate it while in Medina. Both narrations are agreed upon (Muttafaqun 'alayhima). Additionally, the horse is a pure and desirable animal that lacks fangs or talons, thus it is lawful like livestock, and it falls under the general permissibility indicated by scriptures and traditions.
Supporting text
The consumption of horse meat is prohibited according to Abu Hanifa. Malik, Al-Awza'i, and Abu 'Ubayd disliked it based on the verse, "And the horses, mules, and donkeys that you may ride" (Quran 10:8), and a narration from Khalid where the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, allegedly stated, "Forbidden upon you are the domestic donkeys, their horses, and their mules." They also argue that since the horse lacks hooves (duna haafir), it resembles the donkey.