What are the primary denominators (Awlul-Masail) for calculating inheritance shares?
Chapter on the Roots of Inheritance Shares that Increase (Awl)
Al-Mughni
Book of Inheritance Shares (Farā'id)
Primary text
The primary denominators for inheritance shares total seven. These arise from the six fixed shares (Furood) established in the Book of Allah: one-half (Nisf), one-quarter (Rub'), one-eighth (Thumn), two-thirds (Thuluthan), one-third (Thuluth), and one-sixth (Suds). The distinct denominators are five when considering individual shares: 2 for one-half, 3 for one-third and two-thirds, 4 for one-quarter, 6 for one-sixth, and 8 for one-eighth. Combining shares necessitates larger denominators: 12 when one-quarter combines with one-sixth or one-third or two-thirds, and 24 when one-eighth combines with one-sixth or two-thirds. These fixed shares are classified into two types: the first type involves one-half, half of one-half, and half of half of one-half; the second type involves two-thirds, half of two-thirds, and half of half of two-thirds.