What are the three classifications of inheritance cases based on the relationship between the estate value and the fixed shares?
Chapter on the Roots of Inheritance Shares that Increase (Awl)
Al-Mughni
Book of Inheritance Shares (Farā'id)
Primary text
Inheritance cases are classified into three categories: Adilah (Equitable), 'A'ilah (Deficient/Increasing), and Radd (Returnable). An equitable case is one where the estate value exactly matches the sum of the fixed shares. A deficient case ('A'ilah) is one where the fixed shares exceed the total estate. A returnable case (Radd) is one where the estate exceeds the fixed shares, and there are no residuary heirs (Asabah) to take the remainder.