Is it permissible to use fire to expel enemies from a buried location (matmurah) if other means are possible?

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If one is certain of the ability to subdue the enemies hiding in a buried location (matmurah) without resorting to fire, it is preferred to refrain from using fire. However, if subduing them by other means is not possible and they refuse to leave, there is no objection to using fire against them. This ruling is held by Al-Awza'i, Sufyan, and Hisham. Evidential support is derived from the practice of Muslims who fought while using fire when necessary, even when women and children (dhurriyah) were present with the enemies.