Conditions incumbent upon non-Muslims entering into a peace treaty (Hudna).

Primary text

It is necessary for the Imam, when concluding a truce, to stipulate specific conditions, similar to those stipulated by Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). These conditions, as established by Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) upon the people of the provinces (Jazira), included prohibitions against erecting new churches or monasteries, repairing ruined ones, preventing Muslims from entering their churches, harboring spies, striking church bells openly, displaying the Cross publicly, raising voices during prayer in a manner audible to Muslims, exiting with religious processions or funeral wails, displaying fire in Muslim markets, trading in wine, engaging in proselytization, preventing relatives from embracing Islam, imitating Muslim dress or customs, carrying arms, and imposing certain economic restrictions on trade participation with Muslims.