What is the required number of expert physicians or veterinarians whose testimony is needed to establish the severity of a wound or animal ailment?

General Chapter

Al-Mughni

Book of Judicial Rulings

Book 64 · Issue 5 · Bab 1

Open in Qurani

Primary text

If there is a dispute regarding the nature or severity of a physical injury (such as whether a head wound is *mowdiha* or a higher degree like *hashima*, *munqqila*, *amma*, or *damigha*, or a lesser degree like *badi'a*, *mutalahima*, or *samhaq*), or concerning an ailment exclusive to medical experts, or a disease in an animal requiring a veterinarian (*baytar*), the apparent ruling derived from the statement of Al-Kharqi is that if two expert physicians or two veterinarians can be found, one witness is insufficient, as this is a matter observable by common men, thus requiring the standard of two witnesses, like other rights. However, if two cannot be found, the testimony of one suffices. This exception is made because it is a matter specialized to experts of a particular craft, and thus, the testimony of one expert is accepted, analogous to the acceptance of the testimony of a single woman regarding hidden defects (*uyub*) in clothing.