What is the ruling on claims regarding expiations (Kaffarat), oaths, vows of charity (Nadhar Sadaqah), or similar obligations owed to God?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Judicial Rulings
Primary text
If someone claims another owes them an oath's expiation, Zihar expiation, a vow of charity, or similar obligations, the defendant's denial is accepted without an oath. Such claims concerning fixed rights of God are not heard, as the claimant has no standing or authority over the matter, and thus cannot submit a claim for another's right without permission. However, if the claim entails a right for the claimant himself, such as claiming theft to ensure restitution or recovery of stolen property, or claiming adultery (Zina) with his female slave to claim her dowry, the claim is heard, and the defendant is sworn concerning the human right involved, but not concerning the right of God.