Can associates present at a session refute the ruling issued by the presiding authority based on their independent reasoning?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Judiciary
Primary text
If the presiding authority rules based on their own independent reasoning (*ijtihad*), no one present is permitted to reject that ruling even if it contradicts their own reasoning. To do so constitutes an unwarranted interference (*iftiyat*) in the authority's judgment.
Supporting text
The ruling may only be rejected if the presiding authority rules based on a clear explicit text (*nassan*) or a consensus (*ijma'*) that is contrary to the established textual ruling.