Can a ruler judge a case where one parent is in dispute with the other parent or with their child?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Judiciary
Primary text
According to the first scholarly opinion regarding judging cases involving relatives, if a dispute arises between the ruler's parents, or between their children, or between a parent and a child, the ruler cannot judge between them. This is based on the view that the ruler's testimony would not be accepted for one against the other in that specific conflict, thus preventing judgment, similar to a dispute involving a complete stranger.
Supporting text
The second view permits the ruler to judge between them because both parties are considered equal in the ruler's eyes, which eliminates the suspicion of bias, making them similar to strangers.