Can a single, non-free, or female translator suffice if the ruling allows one translator?

General Chapter

Al-Mughni

Book of Judiciary

Book 62 · Issue 9 · Bab 1

Open in Qurani

Primary text

If one translator is deemed sufficient, his/her justice is required, and neither a disbeliever nor a sinner is accepted. A slave (abd) is accepted because he is capable of giving testimony and narration.

Supporting text

Abu Hanifa rejects the testimony of a slave because he is not qualified to be a witness. Conversely, it should be accepted that a woman's translation is accepted if she is known for justice, as her narration is accepted, assuming this specific translation is treated as narration rather than formal testimony.