Does a witness need to specify that his testimony of justice applies to all affairs and persons?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Judiciary
Primary text
It is not necessary for the witness to explicitly state that the person is just in all matters and toward all people, as this is encompassed by the general ruling established by their testimony. The evidence for this is the Divine command: {And bring to witness two just men from among you} (Quran 65:2). Once two testify that a person is just, this fact is established by their testimony and falls under the general command, implying the implications of being just towards everyone.
Supporting text
The requirement to specify that justice is universal is rejected because a person cannot be described as just in one area and unjust in another, nor just toward one person and not another; justice is a trait that is not described in such limited ways. Furthermore, stating one is not an enemy or relative is unnecessary because established justice is not negated by kinship or enmity. Such factors only disqualify testimony due to suspicion, not the inherent characteristic of justice itself.