Must a Mukatab (indentured slave) distribute his earnings equally between his two masters?

General Chapter

Al-Mughni

Book of Mukātaba (Contractual Manumission)

Book 68 · Issue 1 · Bab 1

Open in Qurani

Primary text

The earnings of a Mukatab must be distributed equally between his masters, and one master cannot be prioritized or advanced over the other. This position is attributed to Al-Qadi, and it is the established view of Abu Hanifa and Al-Shafi'i, with no known disagreement. The justification is that since the masters are equal regarding the source of the earning, they must be equal in receiving it. Their right is tied to the property held by the Mukatab in a singular manner, preventing preference. Furthermore, if the Mukatab becomes incapable of fulfilling the rest of his contract, and the status reverts to slavery, they remain equal in the earnings already acquired, requiring the other master to claim back the excess given to the first master after accounting for the benefit derived.