What constitutes a forbidden (Haram) oath?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Oaths
Primary text
The forbidden oath is the false oath (perjury), which God condemned: "And they swear to falsehood while they know it" (Quran 58:14). Since lying is forbidden, swearing falsely on it intensifies the prohibition. If a false oath is used to invalidate a right or seize the property of a protected Muslim, the prohibition is severe. The Prophet warned that whoever takes a false oath to seize a Muslim's property, God will meet him in anger. Furthermore, swearing to commit a sin or neglect an obligation is forbidden because the object of the oath is unlawful, and the means adopted inherits the ruling of the end sought.
Supporting text
The verse concerning those who sell God's covenant and their oaths for a little price (Quran 3:77) applies to this category, indicating severe consequences for those who use oaths falsely to gain worldly advantage.